Choose the content to read

• What is a pelvic exam?
• Why should women have a pelvic exam?
• When should women have a pelvic exam?
• Preparation before a pelvic exam
• FAQ
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What is a pelvic exam?

A pelvic exam is a medical procedure to check for abnormalities in the pelvis which includes:

• Vagina
• Cervix
• Uterus
• Fallopian tubes
• Ovaries
• Bladder
• Rectum

A Pap smear may also be performed in the same setting for cervical cancer screening.

Why should women have a pelvic exam?

A pelvic exam is an effective diagnostic modality for reproductive system problems such as vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, or urinary tract disorders. It can detect signs of diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, and cancers at the early stage.

When should women have a pelvic exam?

Usually, women can start having a pelvic exam at age 21. Women between 21-65 years old should have a pelvic exam every year and a Pap smear every 3 years. Each individual’s medical and family history of cervical and ovarian cancers will be considered to determine how often each person should have a pelvic exam.

However, you should see your gynecologist promptly if you have the following symptoms.

• You experience pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse.
• You have unusual vaginal spotting or discharge.
• You think that you may have sexually transmitted diseases.
• You are pregnant.

Preparation before a pelvic exam

Before the procedure

Schedule a pelvic exam after your periods stop because menstrual fluids can interfere with some lab tests. You can have your concerns addressed before the exam starts.

During the procedure

You will be asked to change into a special robe and lie on your back on an exam table with your knees on stirrups. A pelvic exam takes around 10 minutes. Your gynecologist will inform you what he/she will be doing to ease your anxiety before performing the following exams.

• External visual exam: Your gynecologist examines your vulva for redness, sores, swelling, or irritation.
• Internal visual exam: A speculum is inserted into your vagina to inspect the vagina and cervix.
• Physical exam: Your gynecologist will feel your abdomen and pelvis by inserting 2 lubricated gloved fingers into your vagina while gently press on your lower abdomen with the other hand. The size and shape of your uterus and unusual growths and tenderness will be checked and noted.
• Pap smear and HPV test: A swap is inserted to collect a sample of your cervical cells and sent to a lab for a cervical cancer test. It may take a couple of days or a week to get the result.
• Rectal exam: In some persons, your gynecologist may insert a finger into your rectum to feel any tumors or abnormalities.

During a pelvic exam, it is likely for you to be worried and experience a little discomfort. Take a deep breath and try to relax your shoulders, stomach, and legs. Usually, a pelvic exam does not cause any pain. If you experience any pain, inform your gynecologist immediately. 

After the procedure

Your gynecologist will discuss the result with you. You can ask any questions that you may have. It takes 2-3 days or one week to get the result of a Pap smear and HPV test. You may need to come for a follow-up appointment.

FAQ

• Can a pelvic exam cause lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding?
  It may cause mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure but not vaginal bleeding. If you have lower abdominal pain or heavy vaginal bleeding, please get immediate medical attention.
• Is a pelvic exam necessary for women after menopause?
  Postmenopausal women should have a pelvic exam regularly. The older you get, the higher your risk of cancer becomes. A pelvic exam can help diagnose and detect diseases at an early stage, leading to effective treatment.