Gum Recession

Gum recession denotes gum disease where the gum tissue withdraws from the teeth, uncovering the roots beneath. It increases the susceptibility of teeth to cavities and can lead to heightened tooth sensitivity during brushing and eating. One or multiple teeth may be involved. While gum recession can impact individuals of all age groups, it is more common in people over 65.

Symptoms

• Your gum recedes, exposing the roots of your teeth.
• You have discomfort or pain in the vicinity of your gum line.
• You experience sensitivity to heat, cold, and sweets.
• You have sensitive teeth when brushing and flossing or during professional teeth cleanings.

When to see a dentist

Usually, you should see your dentist for dental cleaning twice a year. If you observe any of the above symptoms, promptly see your dentist for treatment. Left untreated, gum recession can lead to other serious oral health complications such as loss of bone and tooth, tooth mobility, food impaction, and root caries.

Causes

• Genetic thin gum tissue.
• Aggressive brushing techniques.
• Accumulation of dental plaque or tartar from poor oral hygiene.
• Presence of periodontal disease.
• Misalignment of tooth structure.
• History of braces or other orthodontic treatments.
• Tobacco chewing or smoking.
• Pierced lip or tongue.

Diagnosis

A routine dental examination can identify and uncover gum recession. The dentists will utilize a specialized instrument known as a periodontal probe to measure and assess the depth of periodontal pockets surrounding each tooth. Individuals with healthy gum have these pockets measured between 1 and 3 millimeters. Those with gingivitis may have these pockets at around 4 millimeters. However, those with periodontal disease may have pockets deeper than 5 millimeters. People with gum recession usually have accompanied bone loss.

Treatment

While gum recession is irreversible, prompt treatment can effectively halt its progression and prevent further deterioration. The approach to treating receding gums depends on the underlying cause. Mild cases may benefit from nonsurgical treatments like topical antibiotics, dental bonding, or orthodontics. However, in most cases, gum recession surgery is necessary.

Nonsurgical treatments

• Topical antibiotics: If gum recession is due to periodontal disease, your dentist may guide you on more effective brushing and oral hygiene practices. Deep dental cleanings, such as scaling and root planning, can help remove harmful bacteria at the roots deep below the gum line, and antibiotics may also be placed directly under the gums.
• Dental bonding: To conceal the exposed tooth root with composite resin.
• Orthodontics: Crooked, tipped, or rotated teeth can contribute to gum recession. Braces can reposition the tooth, allowing the gum margin to correct itself.

Gum recession exposes the root of your teeth where the protective substance (cementum) is thinner than the enamel covering the teeth, causing sensitivity. Your dentist can administer fluoride varnish or other desensitizing agents to alleviate discomfort. Additionally, you can use desensitizing toothpaste at home. But it may take several weeks to provide noticeable relief.

Gum recession surgery is an effective treatment performed by a periodontist. This procedure involves using a gum graft obtained from the roof of your mouth and securing it with sutures to cover the roots.

Prevention

Regular oral care can minimize the risk of gum recession, particularly for those with thin gum tissue due to genetic predisposition.

• Brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day.
• Floss daily.
• Follow your dentist's recommended way to brush your teeth and schedule teeth cleanings.
• Opt for a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Avoid smoking or chewing tobacco.

Seek dental attention immediately if you notice any signs of gum recession.