Choose the content to read

• Jaw abnormalities: types and causes
• Dangers and impacts of jaw abnormalities
• When to see a doctor
• Types of orthognathic surgery
• Preparation for orthognathic surgery
• Foods to consume and avoid after orthognathic surgery

Jaw abnormalities

The jawbone occupies the central and lateral lower parts of the face, playing a role in supporting teeth, muscles, and various tissues that aid in facial movement, speaking, swallowing, and chewing food. Additionally, it is an identity-defining part of the facial structure and contributes to aesthetic appearance.

Jaw abnormalities: types and causes

Jaw abnormalities can manifest in various forms, such as protruding or receding jawbone, short chins, bulging faces, excessive gum visibility when smiling, and asymmetrical faces. The primary causes of these abnormalities include genetic and hereditary factors, along with abnormal development or growth. Other contributing factors may involve jawbone injuries during growth phases, such as accidents, falls, or impacts that injure the jawbone. Additionally, certain behaviors can lead to abnormal growth, such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting while speaking or swallowing, and more.

Dangers and impacts of jaw abnormalities

The threat and impact of jaw abnormalities include:

• Malocclusion affects chewing or swallowing food.
• Lip incompetence can lead to slurred speech and low self-confidence.
• Snoring is commonly found in patients with receding chins, increasing the risk of sleep apnea.

How to Identify Jaw Abnormalities

Jaw abnormalities can initially be recognizable by noticing irregularities in facial shape, like a protruding chin, a receding jaw, or a short chin. However, you should consult a dental specialist in orthognathic surgery or orthodontics for a definite diagnosis. They can provide a proper assessment and determine the appropriate course of action.

When to see a doctor

Most people with jaw abnormalities may not realize they have such a condition until they consult a doctor for other issues, such as a clicking sound in the temporomandibular joint when opening their mouth, which might be due to a receding chin. Therefore, it is essential to observe the severity of the symptoms and how much they affect daily life. If the abnormalities are severe, a dentist might recommend surgery or orthodontic treatment to correct the issue. However, if the symptoms are not severe and daily life is not significantly affected, it is still advisable to regularly visit a dentist for monitoring and receive appropriate lifestyle recommendations.

Orthognathic surgery: risks and considerations

Orthognathic surgery to correct jawbone abnormalities is typically performed on patients aged 18 and older, as the jawbone has usually stopped growing by this age. 
However, this surgery carries risks because it involves cutting and repositioning the jawbone, which can potentially damage nearby structures, such as the lower teeth. The surgical incision might affect the nerves in the area, leading to numbness in the lips or chin. This numbness can sometimes last for a year or longer.

Types of orthognathic surgery

There are two types of orthognathic surgeries -- upper and lower jaw surgery. These procedures involve repositioning the jawbones. Doctors may perform supplementary surgeries to harmonize facial features, such as chin repositioning and jaw and cheekbone angle adjustment.

Orthodontic treatment is often used in conjunction with these surgeries to correct bite issues. Common side effects of orthognathic surgery include lip numbness, as the surgical incision can affect resident jaw sensory nerves. However, modern techniques now employ software to accurately calculate and adjust the jaw position, helping to avoid nerve damage and other complications.

Preparation for orthognathic surgery

Since orthognathic surgery is a major surgery, it is advisable to have appropriate preparation before surgery. To prepare for surgery, you should:

• Avoid undergoing facial surgery six months before orthognathic surgery
• Refrain from smoking two months before the surgery 
• Avoid supplements one month prior
• If you have pre-existing diseases, notify your doctor or surgeon for proper preparation

Recovery time of orthognathic surgery

Orthognathic surgery involves repositioning the jawbone, which causes trauma to the surrounding tissues. The recovery time varies, the first two weeks being critical for incisional and soft tissue healing. The bony structure takes about three months to heal and integrate into its new position.

Foods to consume and avoid after orthognathic surgery

For the first month after jaw surgery, it is crucial to avoid chewing. During the first week, consume clear liquids to ensure the cleanliness of the surgical incision lines. As the wound starts to heal, you can gradually increase the consistency of the food. After the first month, when the bone stabilizes, you can start eating soft foods that require minimal chewing. By the third month, you should be able to resume a regular diet.

Complications and precautions after orthognathic surgery

After surgery, potential complications include:

• Infection
• Swelling and bleeding
• Numbness: Particularly after lower jaw surgery, there may be temporary numbness due to nerve trauma. 
• Sinus issues: Upper jaw surgery may lead to sinus issues such as sinusitis due to disturbance in the sinus area.
• Jaw movement: During the first month, excessive chewing of hard foods can disrupt bone alignment, necessitating corrective surgery or additional fixation with plates and screws.

While jawbone abnormalities may not constitute immediate illness or require urgent correction, they significantly impact daily life and overall quality of life. These include eating, speaking, communication, personal appearance, and beauty. Therefore, if there are any concerns or a desire for treatment, it is recommended to consult with a specialist oral surgeon and orthodontist at the Dental Center of MedPark Hospital. They can provide accurate advice and develop a suitable treatment plan.